wdiff draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision-06.txt draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision-07.txt

Inter-Domain Routing A. Retana
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track R. White
Expires: October 22, 2015 May 4, 2016 Ericsson
April 20,
November 1, 2015

BGP Custom Decision Process
draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision-06
draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision-07

Abstract

The BGP specification defines describes a Decision Process for installation of
routes into selecting the Loc-RIB.
best route. This process takes into account an
extensive uses a series of steps, made up of path attributes, which
attributes and other values, to first determine the Degree of
Preference of a route and later as tie breakers. While existing
mechanisms may achieve some of the same results described in this
document, they can be manipulated only do so through extensive configuration such as
matching communities to
indicate explicit policy and/or route preference for
configurations present on each BGP speaker within their
administrative domain (autonomous system). Implementing some
specific paths. It is cumbersome (if at all
possible) for the end user to define fine grained policies that will select, after
partial comparison, a path based on subjective local (domain and/or
node) criteria. through such mechanisms is cumbersome,
if even possible.

This document defines a new Extended Community, called the Cost
Community, which may be used in tie breaking during as part of the best path
selection process. Decision Process. The
end result is a local custom decision
process. Custom Decision Process.

Status of This Memo

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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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This Internet-Draft will expire on October 22, 2015. May 4, 2016.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. The BGP Cost Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7
7.1. Cost Community Point of Insertion Registry . . . . . . . 7
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9
Appendix A. Cost Community Point of Insertion Registry . . . . . 7
Appendix B. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
B.1. 9
A.1. Changes between the -00 and -01 versions. . . . . . . . . 8
B.2. 9
A.2. Changes between the -01 and -02 versions. . . . . . . . . 8
B.3. 10
A.3. Changes between the -02 and -03 versions. . . . . . . . . 8
B.4. 10
A.4. Changes between the -03 and -04 versions. . . . . . . . . 8
B.5. 10
A.5. Changes between the -04 and -05 versions. . . . . . . . . 9
B.6. 10
A.6. Changes between the -05 and -06 versions. . . . . . . . . 9 10
A.7. Changes between the -06 and -07 versions . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10

1. Introduction

There are

The BGP specification defines a number of metrics available within Decision Process [RFC4271] for
selecting the BGP decision best route. This process [RFC4271] which can be used uses a series of steps, made
up of path attributes and other values, to first determine the exit point for
traffic, but there is no metric, or combination Degree
of Preference of metrics, which can
be used to break a route and later as tie among generally equal paths. breakers. While existing
mechanisms may achieve some of the same results described in this
document, they can only do so through extensive configuration such as
matching communities to explicit policy and/or route preference
configurations present on each BGP speaker within their
administrative domain (autonomous system). Implementing some
specific fine grained policies through such mechanisms is cumbersome,
if even possible. For example:

o LOCAL_PREF: Local Preference: The LOCAL_PREF is an absolute tie breaker near attribute used to calculate
the
beginning Degree of Preference in the decision process. Decision Process. There is no way to configure
the LOCAL_PREF such
secondary degree of preference indicator available that can be
considered after the MED, IGP metric, and or other metrics
are considered before breaking a tie. attributes.

o MED: Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED): The MULTI_EXIT_DISC is an
indicator of which local entrance point an AS would like a peering
AS to use; MED isn't suitable to
break use. As the tie between two equal cost paths learned from two peer
ASes. MED is also compared before the IGP metric; metric, there is
no way to set the MED so a path route with a higher IGP metric is
preferred over a path one with a lower IGP metric.

o IGP Metric: It is possible, using the IGP metric, to influence individual paths with otherwise equal cost metrics, routes, but
only by changing the next hop towards each path, hops, and configuring the IGP
costs of metric for
reaching each next hop. them. This method is cumbersome, cumbersome and prone to confusion
and error.

The BGP specification defines a Decision Process for installation of
routes into the Loc-RIB. This process takes into account an
extensive series of path attributes, which can be manipulated to
indicate preference for specific paths. It is cumbersome (if at all
possible) for the end user to define policies that will select, after
partial comparison, a path based on subjective local (domain and/or
node) criteria.

This document defines a new Extended Community, Community [RFC4360], called the
Cost Community, which may be used in tie breaking during as part of the best path
selection process. Decision Process.
The end result is a custom decision process. local Custom Decision Process.

2. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3. The BGP Cost Community

The BGP Cost Community is an Opaque Extended Community [RFC4360]
defined as follows:

Type Field:
The value of the high-order octet of this Opaque Extended
Community is 0x03 or 0x43. The determined by provisioning
[RFC4360]. IANA has assigned the codepoint value of 0x01 to 'Cost
Community' in both the low-order octet of Transitive Opaque Extended Community Sub-
Types registry and the extended type field for this community is 0x01. Non-Transitive Opaque Extended Community
Sub-Types registry.

Value Field:

The Value field contains three distinct sub-fields, described
below:

+------------------------------+
| Point of Insertion (1 octet) |
+------------------------------+
| Community-ID (1 octet) |
+------------------------------+
| Cost (4 octets) |
+------------------------------+

The Point of Insertion (POI) sub-field contains indicates *after*, or
*instead of*, which step in the Decision Process the Cost
Community MUST be considered.

The value of the POI may reference a path attribute *after* which used in the
Decision Process. In this community MUST be case the Cost Community is
considered during after, or instead of, the step where the best path selection process.
attribute is considered.

The BGP decision process Decision Process includes some steps that do not correspond
to any path attribute; the following values are defined:

128 ABSOLUTE_VALUE - Indicates that the Cost Community MUST be
considered as the first step in determining the Degree of
Preference of a path. route (Section 9.1.1 of [RFC4271]). If two
routes have the same Cost, then the rest of the Calculation
of Degree of Preference is to be followed.

129 IGP_COST - Indicates that the Cost Community MUST be
considered after the interior (IGP) distance to the next-hop
has been compared.

130 EXTERNAL_INTERNAL - Indicates that the Cost Community MUST
be considered after the paths advertised by BGP speakers in
a neighboring autonomous system (if any) have been selected. Paragraph d of Section 9.1.2.2 of
[RFC4271].

131 BGP_ID - Indicates that the Cost Community MUST be
considered after the BGP Identifier (or ORIGINATOR_ID
[RFC4456]) has been compared.

This document creates a new Cost Community Point of Insertion
Registry (Section 7.1) that includes the relevant path
attributes and these other values.

The Community-ID sub-field contains an identifier to distinguish
between multiple instances of the Cost Community. The high-order
bit is reserved to indicate indicates that the Cost Community MUST replace the path attribute specified step
indicated by the Point of Insertion during POI in the Decision Process.

If the high-order bit is set, the
best path selection process.

The Cost sub-field contains a value assigned by in the Cost Community
may replace the value of a path attribute at a specific step in
the Decision Process, but not the attribute itself. For
example, if the high-order bit is set with the AS_PATH POI, the
AS_PATH attribute would still be used for loop prevention
[RFC4271], but the Cost would replace its length in the
Decision Process.

The high-order bit MUST be ignored when used with the
ABSOLUTE_VALUE POI.

If the Accumulated IGP Metric Attribute (AIGP) [RFC7311] is
used such that the "AIGP-enhanced interior cost" replaces the
"interior cost" tie breaker in the Decision Process, and the
high-order bit is set with the IGP_COST POI, then the Cost
Community SHOULD be ignored in favor of the process described
in Section 4.2 of [RFC7311].

The Cost sub-field is a 32-bit unsigned integer. It contains a
value assigned by the network administrator and that is significant to the local autonomous
system.
their administrative domain. The default Cost is 0x7FFFFFFF (half
the maximum).

If the Cost Community is inserted after a step in the Decision
Process, and is therefore only compared to other Cost
Communities, the lower cost Cost MUST be preferred. The default

If the Cost Community replaces a step in the Decision Process,
it MUST be treated exactly as the value it is
0x7FFFFFFF (half replacing would
be treated. It is up to the maximum value). network administrator to select
the appropriate Cost to use when replacing a specific step; the
method to do that is outside the scope of this document.

4. Operation

The network administrator may use the Cost Community to assign a
value Cost
to a path originated route originated, or learned from a peer peer, in any part of the
local their
administrative domain. The Point of Insertion POI MUST also be specified using
the values defined in Appendix A. specified.

If a BGP speaker receives a path route that contains the Cost Community,
it
SHOULD MUST consider its value Cost at the Point of Insertion POI specified, when
calculating during the best path [RFC4271]. Decision
Process.

If the Point of Insertion POI is not valid for the local best path
selection Decision Process
implementation, then the Cost Community SHOULD be silently ignored. Paths that do not contain the Cost Community (for a valid,
particular Point of Insertion) MUST be considered to have the default
value.

Multiple Cost Communities may indicate the same Point of Insertion.
In this case, the Cost Community with the lowest Community-ID is
considered first. In other words, all POI. All the Cost
Communities for a specific Point of Insertion POI MUST be considered, considered starting with the one
one(s) with the lowest Community-ID. If multiple Cost Communities,
for the same POI, with the same Community-ID are received for the
same route from the same peer, then all except the one with the
lowest Cost MUST be silently ignored.

Routes that do not contain the Cost Community (for a valid,
particular POI), or a Community-ID present in a route from another
peer, MUST be considered to have the default Cost.

If a range of routes is to be aggregated and the resultant aggregate
path attributes do not carry the ATOMIC_AGGREGATE attribute, then the
resulting aggregate SHOULD have an Extended Communities path
attribute which contains the set union of all the Cost Communities
from all of the aggregated routes. If multiple Cost Communities for
the same Point of Insertion POI (and with the same Community-ID) exist, then only the
ones with the highest Cost SHOULD be included.

If the non-transitive version of a Cost Community is received across
an Autonomous System boundary, then the receiver MUST strip it off
the BGP update, and ignore it when running during the selection process. Decision Process.

5. Deployment Considerations

The mechanisms described in this document may be used to modify the
BGP path selection process
Decision Process arbitrarily. It is important that a consistent path selection process
Decision Process be maintained across the local Autonomous System to
avoid potential routing loops. In other words,
if the Cost Community is used, all the nodes in the
AS that may have to consider this new community the Cost Community at any Point of Insertion SHOULD be
aware of POI MUST
support the mechanisms described in this document.

Any mechanism which allows the modification of the Decision Process
is capable of forming persistent routing loops in the control plane.
Network administrators deploying the Cost Community MUST ensure that
each impacted router in the network supports them, including the POIs
deployed within their network. This is similar in scope to a network
administrator who uses communities [RFC1997] combined with filters or
other policies to modify the Decision Process of BGP speakers.
Consistency must be enforced at an administrative level.

6. Security Considerations

This document introduces no defines a new security concerns Extended Community, called the Cost
Community, which may be used to BGP customize the Decision Process. As
such, the considerations outlined in [RFC4360] and [RFC4271] do not
change.

To minimize the potential of creating routing loops (Section 5) or other
specifications referenced
otherwise affecting the Decision Process in unintended ways, the
propagation of Cost Communities MUST be disabled by default and MUST
be explicitly enabled by the network administrator. Furthermore, all
transitive Cost Communities received across an Autonomous System
boundary without explicit configuration MUST be stripped off the BGP
update, and ignored during the Decision Process.

An ill-designed policy deployment using the Cost Community (e.g. one
where there is no consistent POI support throughout the AS) may
result in persistent routing loops that could result in loss of
traffic. The design and implementation of policies for best route
selection are outside the scope of this document.

7. IANA Considerations

IANA is asked to assign has assigned the type values indicated in Section 3 codepoint value 0x01 to the
Cost Community 'Cost Community' in
both the BGP Transitive Opaque Extended Community Sub-Types registry
[BGP_EXT]. and
the Non-Transitive Opaque Extended Community Sub-Types registry.

Section 3 also defines a series of values to be used to indicate
steps in the best path selection process Decision Process that do not map directly to a path
attribute. IANA is expected to maintain a registry for the Cost
Community Point of Insertion POI values.

o Values 1 through 127 are to be assigned using the "Standards
Action" policy or the Early Allocation process [RFC7120].

o Values 128 through 191 are to be assigned using the "IETF
Consensus" policy.

o Values 192 through 254 are to be assigned using the "First Come
First Served" policy.

o Values 0 and 255 are reserved for future use and SHOULD NOT be used.
All the policies mentioned are documented in [RFC5226].

Some of the values in this new registry match the values assigned in
the BGP Path Attributes registry [BGP_PAR]. It is RECOMMENDED that
an effort be made to assign the same values in both tables when
applicable. The table in Appendix A shows the initial allocations
for the new Cost Community Point of Insertion registry.

8. Acknowledgements

9. References

9.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

[RFC4360] Sangli, S., Tappan, D., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended
Communities Attribute", RFC 4360, February 2006.

[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
May 2008.

[RFC7120] Cotton, M., "Early IANA Allocation of Standards Track Code
Points", BCP 100, RFC 7120, January 2014.

9.2. Informative References

[BGP_EXT] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "BGP Extended
Communities", 2010, <http://www.iana.org/assignments/
bgp-extended-communities>.

[BGP_PAR] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "BGP Parameters",
2010, <http://www.iana.org/assignments/bgp-parameters/>.

[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.

[RFC4456] Bates, T., Chen, E., and R. Chandra, "BGP Route
Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP
(IBGP)", RFC 4456, April 2006.

Appendix A. 255 are reserved.

All the policies mentioned are documented in [RFC5226].

The table in Section 7.1 shows the initial allocations for the new
Cost Community Point of Insertion registry.

7.1. Cost Community Point of Insertion Registry

The tables below document the initial Cost Community Point of
Insertion Registry
+---------+-------------------------+
| Range | Registration Procedure |
+---------+-------------------------+
| 0 | Reserved |
| 1-127 | Standards Action |
| 128-191 | IETF Consensus |
| 192-254 | First Come First Served |
| 255 | Reserved |
+---------+-------------------------+

Registration Procedure

+--------+-------------------+--------------------------------+
| Value | Code | Reference |
+--------+-------------------+--------------------------------+
| 1 | ORIGIN | RFC4271 |
| 2 | AS_PATH | RFC4271 |
| 3 | Unassigned | |
| 4 | MULTI_EXIT_DISC | RFC4271 |
| 5 | LOCAL_PREF | RFC4271 |
| 6-25 | Unassigned | |
| 26 | AIGP | draft-ietf-idr-aigp RFC7311 |
| 27-127 | Unassigned | |
| 128 | ABSOLUTE_VALUE | draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision |
| 129 | IGP_COST | draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision |
| 130 | EXTERNAL_INTERNAL | draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision |
| 131 | BGP_ID | draft-ietf-idr-custom-decision |
+--------+-------------------+--------------------------------+

Point of Insertion Codes

8. Acknowledgements

There have been many people who have shown their support and provided
valuable input, comments and implementations -- the authors would
like to thank all of them! We would like to also thank Dan Tappan
for the Opaque Extended Community type. Bruno Decraene and Eric
Rosen thoroughly reviewed this document and helped improved its
quality significantly.

9. References

9.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A
Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.

[RFC4360] Sangli, S., Tappan, D., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended
Communities Attribute", RFC 4360, DOI 10.17487/RFC4360,
February 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4360>.

[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5226>.

[RFC7120] Cotton, M., "Early IANA Allocation of Standards Track Code
Points", BCP 100, RFC 7120, DOI 10.17487/RFC7120, January
2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7120>.

[RFC7311] Mohapatra, P., Fernando, R., Rosen, E., and J. Uttaro,
"The Accumulated IGP Metric Attribute for BGP", RFC 7311,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7311, August 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7311>.

9.2. Informative References

[RFC1997] Chandra, R., Traina, P., and T. Li, "BGP Communities
Attribute", RFC 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC1997, August 1996,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1997>.

[RFC4456] Bates, T., Chen, E., and R. Chandra, "BGP Route
Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP
(IBGP)", RFC 4456, DOI 10.17487/RFC4456, April 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4456>.

Appendix B. A. Change Log

B.1.

This section is to be removed before publication.

A.1. Changes between the -00 and -01 versions.

o Updated authors' contact information.

o Editorial changes in the "Operations" and "Acknowledgement"
sections.

B.2.

A.2. Changes between the -01 and -02 versions.

o Updated authors' contact information.

o Added text to replace a step in the selection process.

o Minor edits.

B.3.

A.3. Changes between the -02 and -03 versions.

o No changes; just a refresh.

B.4.

A.4. Changes between the -03 and -04 versions.

o Updated authors' contact information.

B.5.

A.5. Changes between the -04 and -05 versions.

o Updated authors' contact information.

B.6.

A.6. Changes between the -05 and -06 versions.

o Updated RFC 7120 reference (from RFC 4020).

A.7. Changes between the -06 and -07 versions

o The review from Bruno Decraene and Eric Rosen resulted in several
important changes related to the clarity and consistency of the
document.

o Added considerations for co-existence with AIGP.

o Security Considerations.

Authors' Addresses

Alvaro Retana
Cisco Systems, Inc.
7025 Kit Creek Rd.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
USA

Email: aretana@cisco.com
Russ White
Ericsson
Apex, NC 27539
USA

Email: russw@riw.us